.

alien.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import pygame
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+
+class Alien(Sprite):
+    """表示单个外星人的类"""
+
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
+        """初始化外星人并设置其初始位置"""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.screen = screen
+        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
+
+        # 加载外星人图像，并设置其rect属性
+        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
+        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+
+        # 每个外星人初始都在屏幕左上角，设置为其宽高以进行留白
+        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
+        self.rect.y = self.rect.height * 2
+
+        self.x = float(self.rect.x)
+
+
+    def update(self):
+        """向左或向右右移动外星人"""
+        self.x += self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction
+        self.rect.x = self.x
+
+
+    def check_edges(self):
+        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
+        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
+            return True
+        elif self.rect.left <= screen_rect.left:
+            return True

alien_bullet.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import pygame
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+
+class AlienBullet(Sprite):
+    """一个对外星人发射的子弹进行管理的类"""
+
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, alien):
+        """在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.screen = screen
+
+        # 在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置
+        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height)
+        self.rect.centerx = alien.rect.centerx
+        self.rect.top = alien.rect.bottom
+
+        # 存储用小数表示的子弹位置
+        self.y = float(self.rect.y)
+
+        # 设置子弹颜色及速度(从ai_settings中读取)
+        self.color = ai_settings.alien_bullet_color
+        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
+
+
+    def update(self):
+        """向下移动子弹"""
+        self.y += self.speed_factor
+        self.rect.y = self.y
+
+
+    def draw_alien_bullet(self):
+        """在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
+        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

alien_invasion.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import pygame
+import game_functions as gf
+from settings import Settings
+from ship import Ship
+from pygame.sprite import Group
+from game_stats import GameStats
+from button import Button
+from scoreboard import Scoreboard
+from playername_inputbox import PlayernameInputbox
+
+
+def run_game():
+    # 初始化游戏并创建一个屏幕对象
+    pygame.init()
+    ai_settings = Settings()
+    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))
+    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
+
+    # 创建一艘飞船, 一个子弹编组和一个外星人编组
+    ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)
+    bullets = Group()
+    aliens = Group()
+    alien_bullets = Group()
+    super_bullets = Group()
+
+    # 创建外星人群
+    gf.create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
+
+    # 创建一个用于游戏统计信息的示例，并创建记分牌
+    stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
+    scoreboard = Scoreboard(ai_settings, screen, stats)
+
+    # 创建开始游戏按钮
+    play_button = Button(ai_settings, screen, "Play")
+
+    # 创建玩家名字文本输入框
+    playername_inputbox = PlayernameInputbox(screen)
+
+    # 开始游戏的主循环
+    while True:
+        gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, play_button, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets, playername_inputbox)
+
+        if stats.game_active:
+            ship.update()
+            gf.update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, super_bullets)
+            gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets)
+            gf.update_aliens_fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets)
+
+        gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, play_button, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets, playername_inputbox)
+
+
+run_game()

bullet.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import pygame
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+
+class Bullet(Sprite):
+    """一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""
+
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):
+        """在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.screen = screen
+
+        # 在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置
+        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height)
+        self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
+        self.rect.bottom = ship.rect.top
+
+        # 存储用小数表示的子弹位置
+        self.y = float(self.rect.y)
+
+        # 设置子弹颜色及速度(从ai_settings中读取)
+        self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
+        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
+
+
+    def update(self):
+        """向上移动子弹"""
+        self.y -= self.speed_factor
+        self.rect.y = self.y
+
+
+    def draw_bullet(self):
+        """在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
+        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

button.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import pygame.font
+
+class Button():
+    """一个用于创建矩形按钮的类"""
+
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, msg):
+        """初始化按钮的属性"""
+        self.screen = screen
+        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
+
+        # 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
+        self.width = 200
+        self.height = 50
+        self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)
+        self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)
+        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Calibri, Arial', 48)
+
+        # 创建按钮的rect对象，并使其在屏幕上居中
+        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
+        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
+        self.rect.y += 120
+
+        # 按钮标签
+        self.prep_msg(msg)
+
+
+    def prep_msg(self, msg):
+        """将msg渲染成图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""
+        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color, self.button_color)
+        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
+        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
+
+
+    def draw_button(self):
+        """绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，并绘制文本"""
+        self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)
+        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)

game_functions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+import sys
+import pygame
+import random
+import operator
+import json
+from bullet import Bullet
+from super_bullet import SuperBullet
+from alien import Alien
+from alien_bullet import AlienBullet
+from time import sleep
+from threading import Timer
+
+
+"""
+用户操作响应
+"""
+
+def check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, play_button, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets, playername_inputbox):
+    """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
+    for event in pygame.event.get():
+        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
+            sys.exit()
+        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
+            check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, stats, scoreboard, super_bullets, playername_inputbox)
+        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
+            check_keyup_events(event, ship)
+        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
+            mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
+            check_playername_input(playername_inputbox, stats, mouse_x, mouse_y)
+            check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, play_button, mouse_x, mouse_y, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets,  playername_inputbox)
+
+
+def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, stats, scoreboard, super_bullets, playername_inputbox):
+    """响应按键按下"""
+    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
+        ship.moving_right = True
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
+        ship.moving_left = True
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
+        if stats.game_active:
+            fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
+        if stats.game_active:
+            activate_super_mode(ai_settings, ship, stats, scoreboard)
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_LALT:
+        if stats.game_active:
+            fire_super_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, stats, super_bullets)
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
+        sys.exit()
+    else:
+        if playername_inputbox.login == False:
+            playername_inputbox.key_down(event)
+
+def check_keyup_events(event, ship):
+    """响应按键松开"""
+    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
+        ship.moving_right = False
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
+        ship.moving_left = False
+
+
+def check_playername_input(playername_inputbox, stats, mouse_x, mouse_y):
+    """检查用户点击玩家名称输入框，若点击，则清空文本"""
+    if playername_inputbox.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y) and not stats.game_active:
+        playername_inputbox.text = ''
+
+def check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, play_button, mouse_x, mouse_y, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets,  playername_inputbox):
+    """检查开始游戏按钮是否被按下，并响应"""
+    if play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y) and not stats.game_active:
+        # 隐藏光标
+        pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
+        # 重置游戏参数
+        ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
+        stats.reset_stats()
+        # 重置记分牌
+        scoreboard.prep_images()
+        # 设置状态为激活
+        stats.game_active = True
+        # 清屏并创建新的一群外星人
+        clear_and_create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, alien_bullets, super_bullets)
+        if playername_inputbox.login == False:
+            stats.player = playername_inputbox.text
+            playername_inputbox.login = True
+
+
+def fire_super_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, stats, super_bullets):
+    if stats.power >= ai_settings.points_of_power:
+        ai_settings.super_bullet_sound.play()
+        new_super_bullet = SuperBullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
+        super_bullets.add(new_super_bullet)
+        stats.power -= ai_settings.points_of_power
+
+
+def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
+    if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
+        ai_settings.bullet_sound.play()
+        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
+        bullets.add(new_bullet)
+
+
+def activate_super_mode(ai_settings, ship, stats, scoreboard):
+    """响应进入无敌模式"""
+    if stats.power >= ai_settings.points_of_power:
+        if ship.super_mode == False:
+            ai_settings.super_mode_sound.play()
+            ship.super_mode = True
+            stats.power -= ai_settings.points_of_power
+            scoreboard.prep_power()
+            Timer(5, quit_super_mode, args=[ship]).start()
+
+def quit_super_mode(ship):
+    ship.super_mode = False
+
+
+"""
+子弹参数更新（包括超级子弹）
+"""
+
+def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, super_bullets):
+    """更新子弹位置并检查碰撞"""
+    # 更新子弹位置
+    bullets.update()
+    super_bullets.update()
+    # 删除已超出范围的子弹
+    for bullet in bullets.copy():
+        if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
+            bullets.remove(bullet)
+    for super_bullet in super_bullets.copy():
+        if super_bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
+            super_bullets.remove(super_bullet)
+
+    check_bullet_alien_collision(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, super_bullets)
+
+
+def check_bullet_alien_collision(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, super_bullets):
+    """响应子弹击中外星人"""
+    # 检查是否有子弹击中外星人，若有，删除对应的子弹与外星人
+    collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)
+    super_collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(super_bullets, aliens, False, True)
+
+    if collisions:
+        for aliens in collisions.values():
+            stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
+            stats.power += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
+            scoreboard.prep_score()
+            scoreboard.prep_power()
+        # 检查是否打破历史记录
+        check_high_score(stats, scoreboard)
+
+    if super_collisions:
+        for aliens in super_collisions.values():
+            stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
+            stats.power += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
+            scoreboard.prep_score()
+            scoreboard.prep_power()
+        # 检查是否打破历史记录
+        check_high_score(stats, scoreboard)
+
+    if len(aliens) == 0:
+        # 外星人被消灭干净，开启新等级
+        start_new_level(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, super_bullets)
+
+
+def start_new_level(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, super_bullets):
+    """响应外星人被消灭干净"""
+    ai_settings.start_new_level_sound.play()
+    bullets.empty()
+    super_bullets.empty()
+    ai_settings.increase_speed()
+    create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
+    stats.level += 1
+    scoreboard.prep_level()
+
+
+def check_high_score(stats, scoreboard):
+    """响应打破历史记录"""
+    if stats.score > stats.high_score:
+        stats.high_score = stats.score
+        scoreboard.prep_high_score()
+
+
+"""
+外星人参数更新
+"""
+
+def update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets):
+    """更新所有外星人的位置"""
+    check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)
+    aliens.update()
+
+    # 检测外星人和飞船的碰撞
+    if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens):
+        ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets)
+
+    check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets)
+
+
+def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):
+    """有外星人到达屏幕边缘时采取相应措施"""
+    for alien in aliens.sprites():
+        if alien.check_edges():
+            change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
+            break
+
+def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):
+    """将外星人整体下移一行并改变移动方向"""
+    for alien in aliens.sprites():
+        alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
+    ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
+
+
+def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets):
+    """检查是否有外星人撞到屏幕底端"""
+    screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
+    for alien in aliens.sprites():
+        if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
+            # 像飞船与外星人相撞一样处理
+            ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets)
+            break
+
+def ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets):
+    """响应飞船与外星人碰撞"""
+    if stats.ships_left > 0:
+        """仍有剩余飞船，游戏继续"""
+        ai_settings.ship_hit_sound.play()
+        # 将剩余飞船数减一
+        stats.ships_left -= 1
+        # 清空外星人和子弹列表并创建一批新外星人
+        clear_and_create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, alien_bullets, super_bullets)
+        # 更新剩余飞船数
+        scoreboard.prep_ships()
+
+    else:
+        """游戏结束"""
+        if stats.score == stats.high_score:
+            ai_settings.recordbroken_sound.play()
+        else:
+            ai_settings.gameover_sound.play()
+        stats.game_active = False
+        pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
+
+        # 记录此次玩家得分
+        new_score = { 'player': stats.player, 'score': stats.score }
+        stats.scores_data.append(new_score)
+        stats.scores_data.sort(key=lambda x:x["score"], reverse=True)
+        with open('scores.json', 'w') as f:
+            json.dump(stats.scores_data, f)
+
+        # 打印历史得分排行榜Top10
+        if len(stats.scores_data) >= 10:
+            leaderboard_height = 340
+        else:
+            leaderboard_height = len(stats.scores_data) * 30 + 40
+
+        leaderboard_rect = pygame.Rect(450, 180, 300, leaderboard_height)
+        screen.fill(ai_settings.lb_bg_color, leaderboard_rect)
+
+        # 表头
+        leaderboard_font = pygame.font.SysFont("Calibri, Arial", 28)
+        rank_image_rect = draw_leaderboard(ai_settings.lb_text_color, ai_settings.lb_bg_color, screen, 'Rank', leaderboard_font, 500, 200)
+        player_image_rect = draw_leaderboard(ai_settings.lb_text_color, ai_settings.lb_bg_color, screen, 'Player', leaderboard_font, 600, 200)
+        score_image_rect = draw_leaderboard(ai_settings.lb_text_color, ai_settings.lb_bg_color, screen, 'Score', leaderboard_font, 700, 200)
+
+        rank = 0
+        for player_score in stats.scores_data:
+            """逐个显示玩家得分"""
+            rank += 1
+            if rank > 10:
+                break
+            rank_text = str(rank)
+            player_text = str(player_score["player"])
+            score_text = str(player_score["score"])
+            y_postion = rank_image_rect.centery + 30 * rank
+            font = leaderboard_font
+            text_color = ai_settings.lb_text_color
+            bg_color = ai_settings.lb_bg_color
+            if player_score == new_score:
+                """当前用户的信息，样式不同"""
+                general_font = pygame.font.SysFont("Calibri, Arial", 32, True)
+                text_color = (255, 255, 0)
+
+            draw_leaderboard(text_color, bg_color, screen, rank_text, font, rank_image_rect.centerx, y_postion)
+            draw_leaderboard(text_color, bg_color, screen, player_text, font, player_image_rect.centerx, y_postion)
+            draw_leaderboard(text_color, bg_color, screen, score_text, font, score_image_rect.centerx, y_postion)
+
+        pygame.display.flip()
+        sleep(5)
+
+    sleep(0.5)
+
+
+def draw_leaderboard(text_color ,bg_color, screen, text, font, x, y):
+    """绘制排行榜的某一项"""
+    image = font.render(text, True, text_color, bg_color)
+    image_rect = image.get_rect()
+    image_rect.centerx = x
+    image_rect.centery = y
+    screen.blit(image, image_rect)
+    return image_rect
+
+
+def clear_and_create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, alien_bullets, super_bullets):
+    """清空外星人和子弹列表并创建一批新外星人"""
+    # 清空外星人和子弹列表
+    bullets.empty()
+    super_bullets.empty()
+    aliens.empty()
+    alien_bullets.empty()
+
+    # 创建一批新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底部中央
+    create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
+    ship.center_ship()
+
+
+def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens):
+    """创建外星人群"""
+    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
+    number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width)
+    number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings, alien.rect.height, ship.rect.height)
+    for row_number in range(number_rows):
+        for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
+            create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number)
+
+def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width):
+    """计算一行可容纳多少外星人"""
+    available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
+    number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
+    return number_aliens_x
+
+def get_number_rows(ai_settings, alien_height, ship_height):
+    """计算可容纳多少行外星人"""
+    available_space_y = ai_settings.screen_height - 6 * alien_height - ship_height
+    number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
+    return number_rows
+
+def create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number):
+    """创建一个外星人并把它加入当前行"""
+    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
+    alien_width = alien.rect.width
+    alien_height = alien.rect.height
+    alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
+    alien.rect.x = alien.x
+    alien.rect.y = alien_height + 2 * alien_height * row_number
+    aliens.add(alien)
+
+
+"""
+外星人子弹更新
+"""
+
+def update_aliens_fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets):
+    """更新外星人发射的子弹"""
+    for alien in aliens.sprites():
+        flag_is_last_line = True
+        for alien_next in aliens.sprites():
+            if (alien.rect.y + alien.rect.height * 2 == alien_next.rect.y
+            and alien.rect.x == alien_next.rect.x):
+                flag_is_last_line = False
+                break
+        if flag_is_last_line:
+            """外星人有一定的概率发射子弹"""
+            if random.randint(0,3000) < 1:
+                new_alien_bullet = AlienBullet(ai_settings, screen, alien)
+                alien_bullets.add(new_alien_bullet)
+
+    check_alien_bullet_ship_collision(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets)
+    alien_bullets.update()
+
+
+def check_alien_bullet_ship_collision(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets):
+    """响应外星人子弹击中飞船"""
+    for alien_bullet in alien_bullets.sprites():
+        if alien_bullet.rect.colliderect(ship.rect) and not ship.super_mode:
+            ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets)
+            break
+
+
+"""
+屏幕更新
+"""
+
+def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, play_button, scoreboard, alien_bullets, super_bullets, playername_inputbox):
+    """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""
+    # 重绘屏幕
+    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
+    if playername_inputbox.login == False:
+        playername_inputbox.draw_inputbox()
+
+    # 绘制全部子弹
+    for bullet in bullets.sprites():
+        bullet.draw_bullet()
+    for alien_bullet in alien_bullets.sprites():
+        alien_bullet.draw_alien_bullet()
+    for super_bullet in super_bullets.sprites():
+        super_bullet.draw_bullet()
+    # 绘制玩家飞船
+    ship.blitme()
+    # 绘制全部外星人
+    aliens.draw(screen)
+    scoreboard.ships.draw(screen)
+    # 显示得分
+    scoreboard.show_score()
+
+    # 如果游戏处于非活动状态，就显示Play按钮
+    if stats.game_active == False:
+        play_button.draw_button()
+
+    # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
+    pygame.display.flip()

game_stats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import json
+
+class GameStats():
+    """跟踪游戏的统计信息"""
+
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings):
+        """初始化统计信息"""
+        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
+        self.game_active = False
+
+        self.reset_stats()
+
+
+    def reset_stats(self):
+        """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的信息"""
+        self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit
+        self.score = 0
+        self.level = 1
+        self.power = 0
+
+        # 提取历史得分信息
+        scorefilename = 'scores.json'
+        with open(scorefilename) as f:
+            self.scores_data = json.load(f)
+        self.high_score = int(self.scores_data[0]['score'])

playername_inputbox.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import pygame
+
+class PlayernameInputbox:
+    def __init__(self, screen):
+        """初始化文本框的属性"""
+        self.screen = screen
+        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
+
+        # 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
+        self.width = 200
+        self.height = 50
+        self.box_color = (255, 255, 255)
+        self.text_color = (20, 20, 20)
+        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont("Calibri, Arial", 38)
+
+        # 创建按钮的rect对象，并使其在屏幕上居中
+        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
+        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
+        self.rect.y += 40
+
+        self.text = "Your Name"
+        self.login = False
+
+
+    def draw_inputbox(self):
+        """将输入文本渲染为图像，并显示"""
+        self.text_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.box_color)
+        self.text_image_rect = self.text_image.get_rect()
+        self.text_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
+
+        self.screen.fill(self.box_color, self.rect)
+        self.screen.blit(self.text_image, self.text_image_rect)
+
+
+    def key_down(self, event):
+        """输入新文本"""
+        unicode = event.unicode
+        key = event.key
+
+        if key == 8:
+            # 退位键
+            self.text = self.text[:-1]
+            return
+        if key == 301:
+            # 切换大小写键
+            return
+        if key == 13:
+            # 回车键
+            return
+
+        if unicode != "":
+            char = unicode
+        else:
+            char = chr(key)
+
+        self.text += char

scoreboard.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import pygame.font
+from pygame.sprite import Group
+from ship import Ship
+
+class Scoreboard():
+    """显示得分信息的类"""
+
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, stats):
+        """初始化相关参数"""
+        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
+        self.screen = screen
+        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
+        self.stats = stats
+
+        # 字体设置
+        self.text_color = (230, 230, 230)
+        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont("Calibri, Arial", 28)
+
+        # 准备得分图像、等级及剩余飞船图像
+        self.prep_images()
+
+
+    def show_score(self):
+        """在屏幕上显示得分、历史记录、等级、大招数"""
+        self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)
+        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect)
+        self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect)
+        self.screen.blit(self.power_image, self.power_rect)
+
+
+    def prep_images(self):
+        """准备各个图像(得分,历史记录,等级,剩余飞船)"""
+        self.prep_score()
+        self.prep_high_score()
+        self.prep_level()
+        self.prep_ships()
+        self.prep_power()
+
+
+    def prep_score(self):
+        """将得分渲染为图像"""
+        rounded_score = round(self.stats.score, -1)
+        score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
+        self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
+
+        # 将得分放在屏幕右上角
+        self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
+        self.score_rect.top = 20
+        self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
+
+
+    def prep_high_score(self):
+        """将历史记录渲染为图像"""
+        rounded_high_score = round(self.stats.high_score, -1)
+        high_score_str = "Record: " + "{:,}".format(rounded_high_score)
+        self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
+
+        # 将历史记录放在屏幕左下角
+        self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
+        self.high_score_rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom - 10
+        self.high_score_rect.left = self.screen_rect.left + 10
+
+
+    def prep_level(self):
+        """将等级渲染为图像"""
+        level_str = "Level: " + str(self.stats.level)
+        self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
+
+        # 将等级放在得分下面
+        self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
+        self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom
+        self.level_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
+
+
+    def prep_ships(self):
+        """显示剩余飞船"""
+        self.ships = Group()
+        for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
+            ship = Ship(self.ai_settings, self.screen)
+            ship.image = pygame.transform.scale(ship.image,(25, 27))
+            ship.rect = ship.image.get_rect()
+            ship.rect.x = ship.rect.width * ship_number + 10
+            ship.rect.y = 10
+            self.ships.add(ship)
+
+
+    def prep_power(self):
+        """将大招渲染为图像"""
+        power_num = int(self.stats.power / self.ai_settings.points_of_power)
+        power_str = "Power: " + str(power_num)
+        self.power_image = self.font.render(power_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
+
+        # 将大招数放在屏幕右下
+        self.power_rect = self.power_image.get_rect()
+        self.power_rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom - 10
+        self.power_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 10

scores.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[{"player": "666", "score": 425805}, {"player": "cwj", "score": 21874}, {"player": "Your Name", "score": 4850}, {"player": "Your Name", "score": 4700}, {"player": "Your Name", "score": 2900}, {"player": "Your Name", "score": 1350}, {"player": "Your Name", "score": 1250}]

settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import pygame
+
+class Settings():
+    """储存《外星人入侵》所有设置的类"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """初始化游戏的设置"""
+        # 屏幕设置
+        self.screen_width = 1200
+        self.screen_height = 800
+        self.bg_color = (0, 0, 0)
+        self.lb_bg_color = (10, 10, 10)
+        self.lb_text_color = (230, 230, 230)
+
+        # 飞船设置
+        self.ship_limit = 3
+
+        # 子弹设置
+        self.bullet_width = 3
+        self.bullet_height = 15
+        self.bullet_color = (180, 180, 180)
+        self.bullets_allowed = 5
+
+        # 超级子弹设置
+        self.super_bullet_color = (0, 255, 0)
+        self.super_bullet_width = 6
+        self.super_bullet_height = 150
+        self.points_of_power = 1000
+
+        # 外星人设置
+        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
+        self.alien_bullet_color = (220, 220, 0)
+
+        # 游戏加快节奏参数
+        self.speedup_scale = 1.1
+
+        # 击中外星人得分点数的提高速度
+        self.score_scale = 1.2
+
+        # 音效设置
+        self.bullet_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sounds/bullet.wav")
+        self.super_bullet_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sounds/super_bullet.wav")
+        self.ship_hit_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sounds/ship_hit.wav")
+        self.start_new_level_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sounds/start_new_level.wav")
+        self.super_mode_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sounds/super_mode.wav")
+        self.gameover_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sounds/gameover.wav")
+        self.recordbroken_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sounds/recordbroken.wav")
+
+        # 初始化游戏动态设置
+        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
+
+
+    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
+        """初始化动态参数"""
+        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
+        self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
+        self.alien_speed_factor = 1
+        self.super_bullet_speed_factor = 30
+
+        # 1表示右移，-1表示左移
+        self.fleet_direction = 1
+
+        # 记分
+        self.alien_points = 50
+
+
+    def increase_speed(self):
+        """提高速度设置"""
+        self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
+        self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
+        self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
+
+        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

ship.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import pygame
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+
+class Ship(Sprite):
+
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
+        """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
+        self.screen = screen
+
+        # 加载飞船图像并获得其外接矩形
+        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
+        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
+
+        # 将飞船放在屏幕底部中央
+        self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
+        self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
+
+        # 在飞船的属性center中储存小数值
+        self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)
+
+        # 移动标志
+        self.moving_right = False
+        self.moving_left = False
+
+        # 无敌标志
+        self.super_mode = False
+
+    def update(self):
+        """根据移动标志调整飞船位置"""
+        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
+            self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
+        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > self.screen_rect.left:
+            self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
+
+        self.rect.centerx = self.center
+
+
+    def blitme(self):
+        """在指定位置绘制飞船"""
+        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
+
+        if self.super_mode:
+            # 无敌模式，绘制金色边框
+            pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, (200, 200, 0),(self.rect), 2)
+
+    def center_ship(self):
+        self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx

super_bullet.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import pygame
+from bullet import Bullet
+
+
+class SuperBullet(Bullet):
+    """一个对飞船发射的超级子弹进行管理的类"""
+
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):
+        """在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""
+        super().__init__(ai_settings, screen, ship)
+
+        # 设置超级子弹宽高，颜色及速度
+        self.rect.width = ai_settings.super_bullet_width
+        self.rect.height = ai_settings.super_bullet_height
+        self.color = ai_settings.super_bullet_color
+        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.super_bullet_speed_factor

使用说明.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+配置：
+
+pygame版本 1.9.4
+python版本 3.6.0
+主文件为alien_invasion.py
+---------------------------------
+
+游戏指南：
+
+鼠标点击白色“Your Name”输入框，输入你的名字
+点击“play”开始游戏
+
+操作：
+
+方向左右键控制移动
+空格键发射子弹
+
+每消灭一个敌人会获得一定积分(右上角显示)，随Level提高游戏难度会加大，
+相应的击中奖励积分会增加，每累计一定积分可获得一点能量值。
+
+右下角的Power值表示剩余能量值，有两种可选用途(每次均消耗1点能量)：
+1. 按方向上键，获得5秒无敌状态，不会被敌人子弹击中
+2. 按左Alt键，发射超级子弹，比普通子弹更大，且命中一个敌人后不会
+    立刻消失，使用得当可消灭整列4个敌人
+
+
+游戏结束会显示5秒排行榜Top10, 期间不可操作，过后可再次点击Play重新开始
+游戏。（没有注销系统，游戏期间无法更改用户名）