diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c801a94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Auto detect text files and perform LF normalization
+# text=auto
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/readme b/readme
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09b0832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/readme
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+this is a python project
+learning python 
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/www/apis.py b/www/apis.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45c23de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/apis.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+__author__ = 'Michael Liao'
+
+'''
+JSON API definition.
+'''
+
+import json, logging, inspect, functools
+
+class APIError(Exception):
+    '''
+    the base APIError which contains error(required), data(optional) and message(optional).
+    '''
+    def __init__(self, error, data='', message=''):
+        super(APIError, self).__init__(message)
+        self.error = error
+        self.data = data
+        self.message = message
+
+class APIValueError(APIError):
+    '''
+    Indicate the input value has error or invalid. The data specifies the error field of input form.
+    '''
+    def __init__(self, field, message=''):
+        super(APIValueError, self).__init__('value:invalid', field, message)
+
+class APIResourceNotFoundError(APIError):
+    '''
+    Indicate the resource was not found. The data specifies the resource name.
+    '''
+    def __init__(self, field, message=''):
+        super(APIResourceNotFoundError, self).__init__('value:notfound', field, message)
+
+class APIPermissionError(APIError):
+    '''
+    Indicate the api has no permission.
+    '''
+    def __init__(self, message=''):
+        super(APIPermissionError, self).__init__('permission:forbidden', 'permission', message)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/www/app.py b/www/app.py
index 26439e5..ef8003e 100644
--- a/www/app.py
+++ b/www/app.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+
+from config import configs
+
 import logging; logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
 # logging是Python 的日志记录工具，level表示设置根记录器级别去指定 level.
 # 日志级别：
@@ -7,25 +10,153 @@ import logging; logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
 # INFO 20
 # DEBUG 10
 # NOTSET 0
-
+# __auther__ = 'lzj'
 # 导入 logging 模块并使用';'对其全局配置
 # basicConfig 配置了 level 信息，level 配置为 INFO 信息，即只输出 INFO 级别的信息
 
+import asyncio, os, json, time
+from datetime import datetime
 
-import asyncio
 from aiohttp import web
+from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
 
+import orm
+from coroweb import add_routes, add_static
 
-async def index(request):
-    return web.Response(body=b'<h1>fuck</h1>', headers={'content-type': 'text/html'})
+def init_jinja2(app, **kw):
+    logging.info('init jinja2...')
+    options = dict(
+        autoescape = kw.get('autoescape', True),
+        block_start_string = kw.get('block_start_string', '{%'),
+        block_end_string = kw.get('block_end_string', '%}'),
+        variable_start_string = kw.get('variable_start_string', '{{'),
+        variable_end_string = kw.get('variable_end_string', '}}'),
+        auto_reload = kw.get('auto_reload', True)
+    )
+    path = kw.get('path', None)
+    if path is None:
+        path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'templates')
+    logging.info('set jinja2 template path: %s' % path)
+    env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(path), **options)
+    filters = kw.get('filters', None)
+    if filters is not None:
+        for name, f in filters.items():
+            env.filters[name] = f
+    app['__templating__'] = env
 
+async def logger_factory(app, handler):
+    async def logger(request):
+        logging.info('Request: %s %s' % (request.method, request.path))
+        # await asyncio.sleep(0.3)
+        return (await handler(request))
+    return logger
 
-def init():
-    # 创建 web.Application ,web app的骨架
-    app = web.Application()
-    app.router.add_get('/', index)
-    web.run_app(app, host='127.0.0.1', port=9000)
+async def data_factory(app, handler):
+    async def parse_data(request):
+        if request.method == 'POST':
+            if request.content_type.startswith('application/json'):
+                request.__data__ = await request.json()
+                logging.info('request json: %s' % str(request.__data__))
+            elif request.content_type.startswith('application/x-www-form-urlencoded'):
+                request.__data__ = await request.post()
+                logging.info('request form: %s' % str(request.__data__))
+        return (await handler(request))
+    return parse_data
 
+async def response_factory(app, handler):
+    async def response(request):
+        logging.info('Response handler...')
+        r = await handler(request)
+        if isinstance(r, web.StreamResponse):
+            return r
+        if isinstance(r, bytes):
+            resp = web.Response(body=r)
+            resp.content_type = 'application/octet-stream'
+            return resp
+        if isinstance(r, str):
+            if r.startswith('redirect:'):
+                return web.HTTPFound(r[9:])
+            resp = web.Response(body=r.encode('utf-8'))
+            resp.content_type = 'text/html;charset=utf-8'
+            return resp
+        if isinstance(r, dict):
+            template = r.get('__template__')
+            if template is None:
+                resp = web.Response(body=json.dumps(r, ensure_ascii=False, default=lambda o: o.__dict__).encode('utf-8'))
+                resp.content_type = 'application/json;charset=utf-8'
+                return resp
+            else:
+                resp = web.Response(body=app['__templating__'].get_template(template).render(**r).encode('utf-8'))
+                resp.content_type = 'text/html;charset=utf-8'
+                return resp
+        if isinstance(r, int) and r >= 100 and r < 600:
+            return web.Response(text=r)
+        if isinstance(r, tuple) and len(r) == 2:
+            t, m = r
+            if isinstance(t, int) and t >= 100 and t < 600:
+                return web.Response(text=t,body=str(m))
+        # default:
+        resp = web.Response(body=str(r).encode('utf-8'))
+        resp.content_type = 'text/plain;charset=utf-8'
+        return resp
+    return response
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    init()
+def datetime_filter(t):
+    delta = int(time.time() - t)
+    if delta < 60:
+        return u'1分钟前'
+    if delta < 3600:
+        return u'%s分钟前' % (delta // 60)
+    if delta < 86400:
+        return u'%s小时前' % (delta // 3600)
+    if delta < 604800:
+        return u'%s天前' % (delta // 86400)
+    dt = datetime.fromtimestamp(t)
+    return u'%s年%s月%s日' % (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day)
+
+# async def index(request):
+#     return web.Response(body=b'<h1>....vv</h1>', headers={'content-type': 'text/html'})
+# def init():
+# # 创建 web.Application ,web app的骨架
+#     app = web.Application()
+#     app.router.add_get('/', index)
+#     web.run_app(app, host='127.0.0.1', port=9000)
+
+async def init(loop):
+    await orm.create_pool(loop=loop, host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', password='123456', db='demo')
+    app = web.Application(loop=loop, middlewares=[
+        logger_factory, response_factory
+    ])
+    init_jinja2(app, filters=dict(datetime=datetime_filter))
+    add_routes(app, 'handlers')
+    add_static(app)
+    srv = await loop.create_server(app.make_handler(), '127.0.0.1', 9001)
+    logging.info('server started at http://127.0.0.1:9001...')
+    return srv
+
+loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+loop.run_until_complete(init(loop))
+loop.run_forever()
+
+# 新版写法，会报错。
+# async def init_db(app):
+#     # If on Linux, use another user instead of 'root'
+#     await orm.create_pool(
+#         host=configs.db.host,
+#         port=configs.db.port,
+#         user=configs.db.user,
+#         password=configs.db.password,
+#         db=configs.db.db
+#
+#     )
+#
+#
+# app = web.Application(middlewares=[
+#     logger_factory,
+#     response_factory
+# ])
+# init_jinja2(app, filters=dict(datatime=datetime_filter))
+# add_routes(app, 'handlers')
+# add_static(app)
+# app.on_startup.append(init_db)
+# web.run_app(app, host='localhost', port=9000)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/www/config.py b/www/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04317ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+
+import config_default
+
+class Dict(dict):
+    '''
+    Simple dict but support access as x.y style.
+    '''
+    def __init__(self, names=(), values=(), **kw):
+        super(Dict, self).__init__(**kw)
+        # zip 可以把 names 和 values 合成为一个列表 ，这里为了方便给 self 赋值
+        for k, v in zip(names, values):
+            self[k] = v
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key):
+        try:
+            return self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError(r"'Dict' object has no attribute '%s'" % key)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
+        self[key] = value
+
+def merge(defaults, override):
+    r = {}
+    for k, v in defaults.items():
+        if k in override:
+            if isinstance(v, dict):
+                r[k] = merge(v, override[k])
+            else:
+                r[k] = override[k]
+        else:
+            r[k] = v
+    return r
+
+def toDict(d):
+    D = Dict()
+    for k, v in d.items():
+        D[k] = toDict(v) if isinstance(v, dict) else v
+    return D
+
+configs = config_default.configs
+
+try:
+    import config_override
+    configs = merge(configs, config_override.configs)
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+configs = toDict(configs)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/www/config_default.py b/www/config_default.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e03338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/config_default.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+configs = {
+    'debug': True,
+    'db': {
+        'host': '127.0.0.1',
+        'port': 3306,
+        'user': 'root',
+        'password': '123456',
+        'db': 'demo'
+    },
+    'session': {
+        'secret': 'demo'
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/www/config_override.py b/www/config_override.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ac4d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/config_override.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+configs = {
+    'db': {
+        'host': '127.0.0.1'
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/www/coroweb.py b/www/coroweb.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..944cd6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/coroweb.py
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+import asyncio, os, inspect, logging, functools
+
+from urllib import parse
+
+from aiohttp import web
+
+from apis import APIError
+
+def get(path):
+    # 函数通过@get()的装饰就附带了URL信息。
+    '''
+    Define decorator @get('/path')
+    '''
+    # wrapper装饰器：
+    # 装饰器本质上是一个Python函数，它可以让其他函数在不需要做任何代码变动的前提下增加额外功能，
+    # 装饰器的返回值也是一个函数对象。它经常用于有切面需求的场景，比如：插入日志、性能测试、事务处理、缓存、权限校验等场景。
+    # 装饰器是解决这类问题的绝佳设计，有了装饰器，我们就可以抽离出大量与函数功能本身无关的雷同代码并继续重用。
+    # 可变参数*args和关键字参数**kwargs，有了这两个参数，装饰器就可以用于任意目标函数
+    def decorator(func):
+        # 返回了一个partial对象，这个对象对update_wrapper进行了包装，固定了wrapped，assigned，updated三个参数。
+        # wraps本省就是一个装饰器，因为它返回的是一个“函数”即partial对象，这个对象接收函数作为参数，同时以函数作为返回值。
+        # 把wrapped函数的属性拷贝到wrapper函数中。
+        # wrapped是被装饰的原函数
+        # wrapper是被装饰器装饰后的新函数。
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def wrapper(*args, **kw):
+            return func(*args, **kw)
+        wrapper.__method__ = 'GET'
+        wrapper.__route__ = path
+        return wrapper
+    return decorator
+
+def post(path):
+
+    '''
+    Define decorator @post('/path')
+    '''
+    def decorator(func):
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def wrapper(*args, **kw):
+            return func(*args, **kw)
+        wrapper.__method__ = 'POST'
+        wrapper.__route__ = path
+        return wrapper
+    return decorator
+
+
+def get_required_kw_args(fn):
+    args = []
+    params = inspect.signature(fn).parameters
+    for name, param in params.items():
+        if param.kind == inspect.Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY and param.default == inspect.Parameter.empty:
+            # 在 args 里加上仅包含关键字（keyword）的参数， 且不包括默认值， 然后返回 args
+            args.append(name)
+    return tuple(args)
+    # 所以这个函数的作用和名称一样， 得到需要的关键字参数, 下面同理
+
+def get_named_kw_args(fn):
+    args = []
+    params = inspect.signature(fn).parameters
+    for name, param in params.items():
+        if param.kind == inspect.Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY:
+            args.append(name)
+    return tuple(args)
+
+def has_named_kw_args(fn):
+    params = inspect.signature(fn).parameters
+    for _, param in params.items():
+        if param.kind == inspect.Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY:
+            return True
+
+def has_var_kw_arg(fn):
+    params = inspect.signature(fn).parameters
+    for _, param in params.items():
+        if param.kind == inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD:
+            return True
+
+def has_request_arg(fn):
+    sig = inspect.signature(fn)
+    params = sig.parameters
+    found = False
+    for name, param in params.items():
+        if name == 'request':
+            found = True
+            continue
+        if found and (param.kind != inspect.Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL and param.kind != inspect.Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY and param.kind != inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD):
+            raise ValueError('request parameter must be the last named parameter in function: %s%s' % (fn.__name__, str(sig)))
+    return found
+
+# RequestHandler目的就是从URL函数中分析其需要接收的参数，从request中获取必要的参数
+# 调用URL函数，然后把结果转换为web.Response对象
+class RequestHandler(object):
+    def __init__(self, app, fn):
+        self._app = app
+        self._func = fn
+        self._has_request_arg = has_request_arg(fn)
+        self._has_var_kw_arg = has_var_kw_arg(fn)
+        self._has_named_kw_args = has_named_kw_args(fn)
+        self._named_kw_args = get_named_kw_args(fn)
+        self._required_kw_args = get_required_kw_args(fn)
+
+    async def __call__(self, request):
+        kw = None
+        if self._has_var_kw_arg or self._has_named_kw_args or self._required_kw_args:
+            # 只要获取到了var 姓名 或者需要的关键字之一，就判断是不是post请求
+            if request.method == 'POST':
+                # 如果没有内容类型 text/html等之类的参数
+                if not request.content_type:
+                    return web.HTTPBadRequest(reason='Missing Content-Type.')
+                ct = request.content_type.lower()     #全转小写
+                # 如果内容类型是以json开头（json文件）
+                if ct.startswith('application/json'):
+                    params = await request.json()
+                    # inspect库中的检查是否是对象的方法
+                    if not isinstance(params, dict):
+                        return web.HTTPBadRequest(reason='JSON body must be object.')
+                    kw = params
+                #判断内容类型开头是不是原生表单或者表单请求
+                elif ct.startswith('application/x-www-form-urlencoded') or ct.startswith('multipart/form-data'):
+                    params = await request.post()
+                    kw = dict(**params)
+                else:
+                    # 不支持的类型
+                    return web.HTTPBadRequest(reason='Unsupported Content-Type: %s' % request.content_type)
+            # 判断是不是get请求
+            if request.method == 'GET':
+                qs = request.query_string
+                if qs:
+                    kw = dict()
+                    for k, v in parse.parse_qs(qs, True).items():
+                        kw[k] = v[0]
+        # 都没有获取到任何信息
+        if kw is None:
+            kw = dict(**request.match_info)
+        else:
+            if not self._has_var_kw_arg and self._named_kw_args:
+                # remove all unamed kw:
+                copy = dict()
+                for name in self._named_kw_args:
+                    if name in kw:
+                        copy[name] = kw[name]
+                kw = copy
+            # check named arg:
+            for k, v in request.match_info.items():
+                if k in kw:
+                    logging.warning('Duplicate arg name in named arg and kw args: %s' % k)
+                kw[k] = v
+        if self._has_request_arg:
+            kw['request'] = request
+        # check required kw:
+        if self._required_kw_args:
+            for name in self._required_kw_args:
+                if not name in kw:
+                    return web.HTTPBadRequest(reason='Missing argument: %s' % name)
+        logging.info('call with args: %s' % str(kw))
+        try:
+            r = await self._func(**kw)
+            return r
+        except APIError as e:
+            return dict(error=e.error, data=e.data, message=e.message)
+        return RequestHandler.__call__()
+
+def add_static(app):
+    path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'static')
+    app.router.add_static('/static/', path)
+    logging.info('add static %s => %s' % ('/static/', path))
+
+
+# 改变静态网址下路径
+def add_static(app):
+    path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'static')
+    app.router.add_static('/static/', path)
+    logging.info('add static %s => %s' % ('/static/', path))
+
+# add_route函数，用来注册一个URL处理函数
+def add_route(app, fn):
+    # getattr() 函数用于返回一个对象属性值。
+    # 类型
+    # 路径
+    method = getattr(fn, '__method__', None)
+    path = getattr(fn, '__route__', None)
+    if path is None or method is None:
+        raise ValueError('@get or @post not defined in %s.' % str(fn))
+    # iscoroutinefunction（）：Return True if the object is a ‎协程函数
+    # isgeneratorfunction（）：Return True if the object is a ‎Python 生成器函数
+    if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(fn) and not inspect.isgeneratorfunction(fn):
+        # asyncio.coroutine（）：
+        # 用来标记基于生成器的协程的装饰器。
+        # 此装饰器使得旧式的基于生成器的协程能与 async/await 代码相兼容
+        # 此装饰器不应该被用于 async def 协程
+        fn = asyncio.coroutine(fn)
+    #日志内容，inspect.signature(fn).parameters获取函数参数的参数名，参数的属性，参数的默认值
+    logging.info('add route %s %s => %s(%s)' % (method, path, fn.__name__, ', '.join(inspect.signature(fn).parameters.keys())))
+    app.router.add_route(method, path, RequestHandler(app, fn))
+
+# 把很多次add_route()注册的调用
+def add_routes(app, module_name):
+    # Python rfind() 返回字符串最后一次出现的位置，如果没有匹配项则返回 -1。
+    n = module_name.rfind('.')#对应python文件存为handles，使用rfind找到handles.py文件
+    if n == (-1):#如果没有匹配项，返回（-1）
+        # __import__() 函数用于动态加载类和函数 。
+        # 如果一个模块经常变化就可以使用 __import__() 来动态载入。
+        # globals() 函数会以字典类型返回当前位置的全部全局变量。
+        # locals() 函数会以字典类型返回当前位置的全部局部变量。
+        mod = __import__(module_name, globals(), locals())
+    else:#找到了，返回字符串出现的最后一次位置。
+        name = module_name[n+1:]
+        mod = getattr(__import__(module_name[:n], globals(), locals(), [name]), name)
+    for attr in dir(mod):
+        if attr.startswith('_'):
+            continue
+        fn = getattr(mod, attr)
+        # callable() 函数用于检查一个对象是否是可调用的。如果返回 True，object 仍然可能调用失败；但如果返回 False，调用对象 object 绝对不会成功。
+        # 对于函数、方法、lambda 函式、 类以及实现了 __call__ 方法的类实例, 它都返回 True。
+        if callable(fn):#如果找到了对应的处理方法。
+            method = getattr(fn, '__method__', None)
+            path = getattr(fn, '__route__', None)
+            if method and path:
+                # logging.info('add rosute ')
+                add_route(app, fn)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/www/handlers.py b/www/handlers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eb1f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/handlers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+ # url handlers
+
+import re, time, json, logging, hashlib, base64, asyncio
+
+from coroweb import get, post
+
+from models import User, Comment, Blog, next_id
+
+@get('/')
+async def index(request):
+
+    users = await User.findAll()
+    return {
+        '__template__': 'test.html',
+        'users': users
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/www/models.py b/www/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfd0368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+import time, uuid
+
+from orm import Model, StringField, BooleanField, FloatField, TextField
+
+def next_id():
+    # uuid.uuid4() 可以生成一个随机的 UUID ， 目的是区别不同事务（大概）
+    # hex 可以把自身返回为一个16进制整数 ， 所以这个函数就是生成各种 id ，里面还包含时间
+    return '%015d%s000' % (int(time.time() * 1000), uuid.uuid4().hex)
+
+class User(Model):
+    __table__ = 'users'
+    # varchar 为 MySQL 里的数据类型
+    id = StringField(primary_key=True, default=next_id, ddl='varchar(50)')
+    email = StringField(ddl='varchar(50)')
+    password = StringField(ddl='varchar(50)')    #有改动passwd改成password
+    # admin = BooleanField()
+    name = StringField(ddl='varchar(50)')
+    image = StringField(ddl='varchar(500)')
+    # created_at = FloatField(default=time.time)
+    # time.time 可以设置当前日期和时间， 把日期和时间储存为 float 类型 ， 记录到 create_at 里
+
+class Blog(Model):
+    __table__ = 'blogs'
+
+    id = StringField(primary_key=True, default=next_id, ddl='varchar(50)')
+    user_id = StringField(ddl='varchar(50)')
+    user_name = StringField(ddl='varchar(50)')
+    user_image = StringField(ddl='varchar(500)')
+    name = StringField(ddl='varchar(50)')
+    summary = StringField(ddl='varchar(200)')
+    content = TextField()
+    created_at = FloatField(default=time.time)
+
+class Comment(Model):
+    __table__ = 'comments'
+
+    id = StringField(primary_key=True, default=next_id, ddl='varchar(50)')
+    blog_id = StringField(ddl='varchar(50)')
+    user_id = StringField(ddl='varchar(50)')
+    user_name = StringField(ddl='varchar(50)')
+    user_image = StringField(ddl='varchar(500)')
+    content = TextField()
+    created_at = FloatField(default=time.time)
+
+# 这些属性可以按照自己的需要进行增减
+
+# 之后对数据库的测试在 www 文件夹的 test_sql.py 里
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/www/orm.py b/www/orm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed64743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/orm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+
+import asyncio, logging, aiomysql
+
+# 创建基本日志函数
+def log(sql, args=()):
+    logging.info('SQL: %s' % sql)
+
+# 创建连接池函数
+async def create_pool(loop, **kw):
+    logging.info('create database connection pool...')
+    # 声明 __pool 为全局变量
+    global __pool
+    # 使用这些基本参数来创建连接池
+    # await 和 async 是联动的（异步IO）
+    # 连接池是一种标准技术，用于在内存中维护长时间运行的连接，以便有效地重用，
+    # 并未应用程序可能同时使用的连接总数提供管理。特别是对于服务器端Web应用程序，
+    # 连接池是内存中维护活动数据库连接池的标准方法，这些活动数据库连接在请求之间重复使用。
+    # 使用这些基本参数来创建连接池
+    # await 和 async 是联动的（异步IO）
+    __pool = await aiomysql.create_pool(
+        host=kw.get('host', 'localhost'),
+        port=kw.get('port', 3306),
+        user=kw['user'],
+        password=kw['password'],
+        db=kw['db'],
+        charset=kw.get('charset', 'utf8'),
+        autocommit=kw.get('autocommit', True),
+        maxsize=kw.get('maxsize', 10),
+        minsize=kw.get('minsize', 1),
+        loop=loop
+    )
+
+async def select(sql, args, size=None):
+    log(sql, args)
+    global __pool
+
+
+   # 防止多个程序同时执行，达到异步效果
+    with (await __pool) as conn:
+
+        # 'aiomysql.DictCursor'要求返回字典格式
+        cur = await conn.cursor(aiomysql.DictCursor)
+        # cursor 游标实例可以调用 execute 来执行一条单独的 SQL 语句
+        await cur.execute(sql.replace('?', '%s'), args or())
+        # size 为空时为 False，上面定义了初始值为 None ，具体得看传入的参数有没有定义 size
+        if size:
+            # fetchmany 可以获取行数为 size 的多行查询结果集，返回一个列表
+            rs = await cur.fetchmany(size)
+        else:
+            # fetchall 可以获取一个查询结果的所有（剩余）行，返回一个列表
+            rs = await cur.fetchall()
+        #  close() ，立即关闭 cursor ，从这一时刻起该 cursor 将不再可用
+        await cur.close()
+        # 日志：提示返回了多少行
+        logging.info('rows returned: %s' % len(rs))
+        # select 函数给我们从 SQL 返回了一个列表
+        return rs
+
+# execute ：执行
+async def execute(sql, args):
+    log(sql)
+    global __pool
+    with (await __pool) as conn:
+        try:
+            cur = await conn.cursor()
+            await cur.execute(sql.replace('?', '%s'),args)
+            # rowcount 获取行数，应该表示的是该函数影响的行数
+            affected = cur.rowcount
+            await cur.close()
+        except BaseException as _:
+        # except BaseException as e:
+            # 将错误抛出，BaseEXception 是异常不用管
+            raise
+        # 返回行数
+        return affected
+
+
+
+def create_args_string(num):
+    L = []
+    for _ in range(num):
+        L.append('?')
+    return ', '.join(L)
+
+# Model 是一个基类，所以先定义 ModelMetaclass ，再在定义 Model 时使用 metaclass 参数
+class ModelMetaclass(type):
+    # __new__()方法接收到的参数依次是：
+    # cls：当前准备创建的类的对象 class
+    # name：类的名字 str
+    # bases：类继承的父类集合 Tuple
+    # attrs：类的方法集合
+    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
+        # 排除 Model 类本身，返回它自己
+        if name=='Model':
+            return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
+        # 获取 table 名称
+        tableName = attrs.get('__table__', None) or name
+        # 日志：找到名为 name 的 model
+        logging.info('found model: %s (table: %s)' % (name, tableName))
+        # 获取 所有的 Field 和主键名
+        mappings = dict()
+        fields = []
+        primaryKey = None
+        # attrs.items 取决于 __new__ 传入的 attrs 参数
+        for k,v in attrs.items():
+            # isinstance 函数：如果 v 和 Field 类型相同则返回 True ，不相同则 False
+            if isinstance(v, Field):
+                logging.info(' found mapping: %s ==> %s' % (k,v))
+                mappings[k] = v
+                # 这里的 v.primary_key 我理解为 ：只要 primary_key 为 True 则这个 field 为主键
+                if v.primary_key:
+                    # 找到主键，如果主键 primaryKey 有值时，返回一个错误
+                    if primaryKey:
+                        raise RuntimeError('Duplicate primary key for field: %s' % k)
+                    # 然后直接给主键赋值
+                    primaryKey = k
+                else:
+                    # 没找到主键的话，直接在 fields 里加上 k
+                    fields.append(k)
+        if not primaryKey:
+            # 如果主键为 None 就报错
+            raise RuntimeError('Primary key not found.')
+        for k in mappings.keys():
+            # pop ：如果 key 存在于字典中则将其移除并返回其值，否则返回 default 
+            attrs.pop(k)
+
+        escaped_fields = list(map(lambda f: '`%s`' % f, fields))
+        attrs['__mappings__'] = mappings # 保存属性和列的映射关系
+        attrs['__table__'] = tableName # table 名
+        attrs['__primary_key__'] = primaryKey # 主键属性名
+        attrs['__fields__'] = fields # 除主键外的属性名
+        # 构造默认的 SELECT, INSERT, UPDAT E和 DELETE 语句
+        attrs['__select__'] = 'select `%s`, %s from `%s`' % (primaryKey, ', '.join(escaped_fields), tableName)
+        attrs['__insert__'] = 'insert into `%s` (%s, `%s`) values (%s)' % (tableName, ', '.join(escaped_fields), primaryKey, create_args_string(len(escaped_fields) + 1))
+        attrs['__update__'] = 'update `%s` set %s where `%s`=?' % (tableName, ', '.join(map(lambda f: '`%s`=?' % (mappings.get(f).name or f), fields)), primaryKey)
+        attrs['__delete__'] = 'delete from `%s` where `%s`=?' % (tableName, primaryKey)
+        return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
+
+# metaclass 参数提示 Model 要通过上面的 __new__ 来创建
+class Model(dict, metaclass=ModelMetaclass):
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        # super 用来引用父类？ 引用了 ModelMetaclass ？ super 文档：
+        super(Model, self).__init__(**kw)
+    # 返回参数为 key 的自身属性， 如果出错则报具体错误
+    def __getattr__(self, key):
+        try:
+            return self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError(r"'Model' object has no attribute '%s'" % key)
+    # 设置自身属性
+    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
+        self[key] = value
+    # 通过属性返回想要的值
+    def getValue(self, key):
+        return getattr(self, key, None)
+    # 
+    def getValueOrDefault(self, key):
+        value = getattr(self, key, None)
+        if value is None:
+            # 如果 value 为 None，定位某个键； value 不为 None 就直接返回
+            field = self.__mappings__[key]
+            if field.default is not None:
+                # 如果 field.default 不是 None ： 就把它赋值给 value
+                value = field.default() if callable(field.default) else field.default
+                logging.debug('using default value for %s: %s' % (key,str(value)))
+                setattr(self, key, value)
+        return value
+
+    # *** 往 Model 类添加 class 方法，就可以让所有子类调用 class 方法
+    @classmethod
+    async def findAll(cls, where=None, args=None, **kw):
+        ## find objects by where clause
+        sql = [cls.__select__]
+        # where 默认值为 None
+        # 如果 where 有值就在 sql 加上字符串 'where' 和 变量 where
+        if where:
+            sql.append('where')
+            sql.append(where)
+        if args is None:
+            # args 默认值为 None 
+            # 如果 findAll 函数未传入有效的 where 参数，则将 '[]' 传入 args 
+            args = []
+        
+        orderBy = kw.get('orderBy', None)
+        if orderBy:
+            # get 可以返回 orderBy 的值，如果失败就返回 None ，这样失败也不会出错
+            # oederBy 有值时给 sql 加上它，为空值时什么也不干
+            sql.append('order by')
+            sql.append(orderBy)
+        # 开头和上面 orderBy 类似
+        limit = kw.get('limit', None)
+        if limit is not None:
+            sql.append('limit')
+            if isinstance(limit, int):
+                # 如果 limit 为整数
+                sql.append('?')
+                args.append(limit)
+            elif isinstance(limit, tuple) and len(limit) == 2:
+                # 如果 limit 是元组且里面只有两个元素
+                sql.append('?, ?')
+                # extend 把 limit 加到末尾
+                args.extend(limit)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError('Invalid limit value: %s' % str(limit))
+        rs = await select(' '.join(sql), args)
+        # 返回选择的列表里的所有值 ，完成 findAll 函数
+        return [cls(**r) for r in rs]
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def findNumber(cls, selectField, where=None, args=None):
+        ## find number by select and where
+        #找到选中的数及其位置
+        sql = ['select %s _num_ from `%s`' % (selectField, cls.__table__)]
+        if where:
+            sql.append('where')
+            sql.append(where)
+        rs = await select(' '.join(sql), args, 1)
+        if len(rs) == 0:
+            # 如果 rs 内无元素，返回 None ；有元素就返回某个数
+            return None
+        return rs[0]['_num_']
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def find(cls, pk):
+        ## find object by primary key
+        # 通过主键找对象
+        rs = await select('%s where `%s`=?' % (cls.__select__, cls.__primary_key__), [pk], 1)
+        if len(rs) == 0:
+            return None
+        return cls(**rs[0])
+
+    # *** 往 Model 类添加实例方法，就可以让所有子类调用实例方法
+    async def save(self):
+        args = list(map(self.getValueOrDefault, self.__fields__))
+        args.append(self.getValueOrDefault(self.__primary_key__))
+        rows = await execute(self.__insert__, args)
+        if rows != 1:
+            logging.warning('failed to insert record: affected rows: %s' % rows)
+
+    async def update(self):
+        args = list(map(self.getValue, self.__fields__))
+        args.append(self.getValue(self.__primary_key__))
+        rows = await execute(self.__update__, args)
+        if rows != 1:
+            logging.warning('failed to update by primary key: affected rows: %s' % rows)
+
+    async def remove(self):
+        args = [self.getValue(self.__primary_key__)]
+        rows = await execute(self.__delete__, args)
+        if rows != 1:
+            logging.warning('failed to remove by primary key: affected rows: %s' % rows)
+
+# 定义 Field 
+class Field(object):
+    def __init__(self, name, column_type, primary_key, default):
+        self.name = name
+        self.column_type = column_type
+        self.primary_key = primary_key
+        self.default = default
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<%s, %s:%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.column_type, self.name)
+# 定义 Field 子类及其子类的默认值
+class StringField(Field):
+    def __init__(self, name=None, primary_key=False, default=None, ddl='varchar(100)'):
+        super().__init__(name, ddl, primary_key, default)
+
+class BooleanField(Field):
+    def __init__(self, name=None, default=False):
+        super().__init__(name, 'boolean', False, default)
+
+class IntegerField(Field):
+    def __init__(self, name=None, primary_key=False, default=0):
+        super().__init__(name, 'bigint', primary_key, default)
+
+class FloatField(Field):
+    def __init__(self, name=None, primary_key=False, default=0):
+        super().__init__(name, 'real', primary_key,default)
+
+class TextField(Field):
+    def __init__(self, name=None, default=None):
+        super().__init__(name, 'text', False, default)
diff --git a/www/templates/test.html b/www/templates/test.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e9b5b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/templates/test.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <title>Test users - Moe Python Webapp</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>FUCK</h1>
+    {% for u in users %}
+    <p>{{ u.name }} / {{ u.email }} /{{u.password}}</p>
+    {% endfor %}
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/www/test.py b/www/test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc53718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/www/test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import asyncio
+import orm
+from models import User
+
+
+async def test(loop):
+    global i
+    i=1
+    await orm.create_pool(user='root', password='123456', db='demo',loop=loop)
+    a = User(name='Administrator', email='admin@example.com', password='123456', image='about:blank',id=i)
+    i+=1
+    x = User(name='gjj', email='gjj@example.com', password='123456', image='about:blank',id=i)
+    i += 1
+    t = User(name='roro', email='roro@example.com', password='123456789', image='about:blank',id=i)
+    await a.save()
+    await x.save()
+    await t.save()
+
+
+loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+loop.run_until_complete(test(loop))
+